Why This Matters
Non-sanctuary cities embrace strict ICE cooperation, intensifying America’s divide over immigration. Our analysis investigates how these policies affect everything from GDP and labor to family stability and civil rights.
Highlights
The Financial Fallout of Non-Sanctuary Policies

Economic Consequences
Non-sanctuary policies have caused severe disruptions in labor and industry operations. From fields to factories, enforcement efforts have led to workforce shortages, revenue losses, and GDP setbacks.
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Labor Displacement: Seasonal worker availability dropped by up to 15%, resulting in over $1.5 billion in annual crop losses.
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GDP Threat: According to the Cato Institute, mass deportations could shrink the U.S. GDP by 1–2%, hitting sectors like agriculture, construction, and food production the hardest.
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Business Impact: Industries like meatpacking reported 20–30% spikes in operating costs due to ICE raids and workforce attrition.
These economic shifts ripple across local economies, affecting jobs, food prices, and community stability.
Fear, Silence, and Broken Trust
Impact on Safety and Health
When trust breaks down between immigrant communities and local officials, safety suffers. Non-sanctuary enforcement discourages residents from seeking help, reporting crimes, or accessing medical care.
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Underreported Crime: In areas like Maricopa County, AZ, crime reporting by Latino communities dropped by 25% after ICE crackdowns.
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Domestic Abuse Silence: Reports of domestic violence fell 40% in counties with 287(g) agreements — victims fear deportation more than their abusers.
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Healthcare Withdrawal: A 15% decline in child vaccinations was noted in some non-sanctuary counties post-2017, tied directly to growing distrust of public institutions.
This climate of fear undermines public safety, public health, and long-term social cohesion.

Lawsuits, Federalism & Resistance
Legal battles like Santa Clara v. Trump underscore the fight for local control. Confusion around ICE detainer compliance leaves jurisdictions exposed to lawsuits and funding threats.
Points
Local ICE Partnerships — The 287(g) Program

The 287(g) Program in Practice
The 287(g) Program in Practice
This program lets local law enforcement agencies partner with ICE to enforce federal immigration laws. While promoted as a security tool, the reality on the ground tells a more controversial story.
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Rapid Expansion: From 35 to over 150 agreements between 2016–2020, especially in southern states like North Carolina and Tennessee.
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Mixed Results: Sheriff-led models were plagued by racial profiling lawsuits, while jail-only models saw higher deportation efficiency — with minimal public safety benefit.
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Steep Costs: Over $50 million annually spent without conclusive evidence of major crime reduction.
Communities affected often face greater division, fear, and legal confusion than security.
What the Experts Say
Research, Policy Reviews, and Expert Consensus
Multiple independent organizations have evaluated these policies — and the verdict is clear: tough enforcement brings steep, unintended consequences.
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No Deterrence: Reports from MPI and the American Immigration Council confirm that stricter enforcement doesn’t stop migration — it destabilizes families.
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Economic Harm: According to the Cato Institute, the policy caused GDP losses and fueled a larger shadow economy.
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Social Fallout: ICE crackdowns led to a 15% increase in children entering foster care, and widened the gap between communities and services.
Punitive approaches haven’t delivered long-term gains — but have caused long-term damage.

Conclusion & Next Steps

Where Do We Go From Here?
Non-sanctuary enforcement may achieve short-term removals — but at the cost of long-term damage. It’s time to rethink the balance between enforcement and human dignity.
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High Cost, Low Return: Economic, legal, and social costs continue to rise with little measurable gain.
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Call for Accountability: Greater transparency in ICE reporting and federal oversight is needed.
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Forward Focus: Support research tracking public health, legal outcomes, and economic metrics in heavily enforced communities.
📢 Let data — not fear — guide the path forward.